Lesson 5 | Cases, Genders, The Definite Article

Cases

The Nominative Case ( I Onomastiki ptosi)	ὁ Ὅμηρος οἱ ἀδελφοί	ἡ ψυχή αἱ ψυχαί	τό βιβλίον τά βιβλία
The Genitive Case (I Geniki ptosi)	τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ τῶν Ἑλλήνων	τῆς ψυχῆς τῶν ψυχῶν	τοῦ βιβλίου τῶν βιβλίων
The Dative Case (I Dotiki ptosi)	τῷ Ὁμήρῳ τοῖς ποιηταῖς	τῇ ψυχῇ ταῖς ψυχαῖς	τῷ βιβλίῷ τοῖς βιβλίοις
The Accusative Case (I etiatiki ptosi)	τόν θεὸν τούς θεοὺς	τὴν ψυχήν τὰς ψυχάς	τό βιβλίον τά βιβλία
The Vocative Case (I Klitiki ptosi)	ὦ θεοὶ ὦ Ὅμηρε	ὦ ψυχή ὦ ψυχαί	τό βιβλίον τά βιβλία

CASES	BASIC FUNCTIONS		PREPOSITION
Nominative	1. Subject: she eats.		none
2. Predicate Nominative: he is a doctor.		none
Genitive	1. Possession: the horse of Sally.		of
2. Dependence: a bag of gold.		of
3. Partitive: some of the Greeks.		of
4. Separation: she frees us from prison.		from, away from
5. Object of Preposition (often indicating motion away from): she departed from the house.		none (ἐκ, ἀπό)
Dative	1. Indirect Object: she gives a book to Sara; he made a coat for Jim.		to, for
2. Means or Instrument: he kills the man with a sword; she travels by ship.		by, with
3. Dative of Possession: a dog to Sara OR the dog of Sara OR Sara’s dog.		to, of
4. Place Where (often with a preposition): he fights at Marathon; she sits on the rock.		none (ἐν) or in, on, at
5. Object of Preposition (often shows place where): with Homer; in the temple		none
Accusative	1. Direct Object: she gives me an apple.		none
2. Extent of Space: she walks for 3 miles.		for
3. Duration of Time: he works for 3 hours.		for
4. Object of Preposition (often shows motion toward): to Homer; to the sea.		none (πρός, εἰς)
Vocative	1. Direct Address: Sally, come here.		none

Genders

There are three genders in Greek: masculine, feminine and neuter.

The Definite Article 

 

In Greek and in English the definite article is an adjective.

The Greek definite article, ὁ, ἡ, τό, is best translated with its English equivalent the.

Singular

Masculine	Feminine	Neutral
N. ὁ	ἡ	τό
G. τοῦ	τῆς	τοῦ
D. τῷ	τῇ	τῷ
A. τόν	τήν	τό
V.  (ὦ)	(ὦ)	(ὦ)

                                                       Plural

Masculine	Feminine	Neutral
N. οἱ	αἱ	τά
G. τῶν	τῶν	τῶν
D. τοῖς	ταῖς	τοῖς
A. τούς	τάς	τά
V.  (ὦ)	(ὦ)	(ὦ)